Why Ocean Freight Dominates
Approximately 90% of goods imported from China move by ocean freight. In 2026, rates have stabilized after recent volatility, but smart scheduling can still save 15-30% on shipping costs.
Container Types
20-foot container (20GP): 5.9m x 2.35m x 2.39m, max payload ~28 tons. Best for heavy cargo like machinery and auto parts. 40-foot (40GP): 12.03m x 2.35m x 2.39m, best for medium-density cargo. 40-foot high cube (40HC): extra 30cm height, best for voluminous cargo like furniture.
FCL vs LCL
FCL (Full Container Load): you pay for the entire container. Best over 15 CBM. LCL (Less than Container Load): share space, pay only for your volume. Best under 15 CBM. Cost comparison (Shenzhen to LA): 20GP FCL $2,200-3,000, 15 CBM LCL $2,250-3,750 (plus consolidation fees). Crossover point: around 15-18 CBM.
Major Routes and Transit Times
Shanghai/Ningbo to Los Angeles: 14-18 days, $3,500-5,000 per 40HC. Shenzhen to Los Angeles: 12-16 days, $3,200-4,800. Shanghai/Ningbo to Rotterdam: 28-35 days, $5,000-7,500. Shanghai/Ningbo to Sydney: 12-18 days, $2,500-4,000.
Cost Optimization Tips
Book 2-3 weeks in advance (last-minute costs 30-50% more). Avoid peak season August-October (rates 15-25% higher). Consider alternative ports (Ningbo cheaper than Shanghai, Nansha cheaper than Shenzhen). Use a freight forwarder with China presence. Optimize container loading for 10-20% better utilization.
Inland Transportation
Overland cost from inland factories to Chinese ports: $200-800. Key inland hubs: Yiwu, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Chengdu. Chongqing and Chengdu factories can use the China-Europe Railway as an alternative to ocean freight.
Payment and Shipping
Your payment method affects shipping timing. With LC, shipping documents trigger payment. LC credit sales through CSMG Supply Chain coordinate payment and shipping timing for optimal cash flow.